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Lots of things were modified in during. One answer is found in the Meiji Restoration itself. So all of a sudden, Japan had a highly educated population with more social mobility. During the Meiji Restoration, social change was synonymous with modernization and Westernization. It knew the main brainstems of the economy. Japan made rapid strides to industrialize after the Meiji Restoration of 1868, boosting its transportation and communication networks and revolutionizing its light industry by the turn of the century. This meant that Japan was controlled by the Genro a part of the Oligarchy. Schooling combined Western ideas with Japanese culture. Among other accomplishments, during the Meiji period Japan adopted a constitution and a parliamentary system, instituted universal education, built railroads and installed telegraph lines, and established strong army and navy forces. Therefore, Meijis era was a revolution rather than a restoration. Education, social class, and women's roles changed drastically when Japan began. They saw that they needed to strengthen themselves to stand up to the Western powers - and with China humiliated, there was an opportunity to become the new big dog in Asia. The Meiji Restoration (), also known as the Meiji Ishin, Revolution, or Renewal, was a chain of events that led to enormous changes in Japan 's political and social structure. This is to pose the problem of the relationship between day-to-day politics and long-term socioeconomic change. You know, like old cars polished and souped-up to look like new again. Decent Essays. Perry then ventured to Hong Kong and returned a year later, signing the Convention of Kanagawa with the Japanese, leading to many other treaties later signed with other Western powers. Members of the ruling samurai class had become concerned about the shogunates ability to protect the country as more Western countries attempted to open Japan after more than two hundred years of virtual isolation. This event had a domino effect on the whole of Japan, as various clan heads and prominent politicians, including Samurais, realized the urgency to modernize the country. How Did the Meiji Restoration Change Japan? The reason for this was that; there was no way a former leader would rule an enlightened environment. Free resources to assist you with your university studies! The development resulted into Japan becoming a powerful industrial country. The Meiji Restoration completely transformed Japan by modernizing the country. In addition, the privileges of the Samurai were declined as other groups such as burakumin had legalized discrimination imposed against them. Drinking milk People started drinking milk. Japan then expanded its operations into the First Sino-Japanese War, invading Korea and neighboring Chinese areas in the 1890s, which quickly developed into their invasion of Manchuria, where it would remain a Japanese possession for 50 years. Corrections? Following are the social changes brought about during the period of the Meiji Restoration. At the same time, a growing popular rights movement, encouraged by the introduction of liberal Western ideas, called for the creation of a constitutional government and wider participation through deliberative assemblies. A picture of Ginza, now part of Tokyo, in the 1880s. That was followed, after the end of the fighting, by the dismantling of the old feudal regime. The Emperor of Meiji and other high-ranking government officials also had their hair cut short. 430 Words; 2 Pages; Open Document. It got rid of the feudal system and created the Meiji Constitution establishing a bureaucratic, centralized government. The modernization resulted into Japan being rated as the most developed in the whole of Eastern Asia. Big family enterprises did develop during Togukawa era. [] What were three effects of the Meiji Restoration? They also began to copy the West's expanding imperialism. The government enforced local ordinances in various regions but it was not until the end of the Meiji Era, which was nearly 40 years later, that mixed bathing was diminished. To add to these, there was education for both boys and girls in the society. Gakusei, the First National Plan for Education, formalized the future of education in Japan and focused on modeling Japanese education after Western . World History 1600-1900: Lesson Plans & Resources, Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses. Omissions? This focus led to Japan having one of the most highly educated populations in the world. Finally, the Japanese began to democratize its people, leading to a nationalistic fervor that combined them into a people and not simply servants of their daimyo. The Meiji government did not intend to eliminate Buddhism itself. These businesses provided a lot of income that was used in purchasing most intensives used for development. Japans fame could also be compared to how both China and Japan responded to external invasions. One of the main contributing factors to Japans modernization was the emulation of Togukawa society and the Togukawa beliefs (Craig 150). There were many causes for the Meiji Restoration, including rice inflation (samurai paid in rice), a decaying bureaucracy, increasing interactions with foreign technology. Also, Japan sent ad hoc ambassadors to the West, like Yukichi Fukuzawa, to analyze, write about, and ultimately mimic the Industrial Revolution powering the West. It's easy to assume that nation-states have always existed, but they didn't really until the 19th century. In 1868 the political uprising that ended the military government of the Tokugawa shogunate is known as Meiji Restoration. Therefore, Japan overstepped many countries in East Asia to top the ranks of the most powerful countries. Evidence that shows that Japans military team was strengthened was the victory which was seen in two wars. https://www.britannica.com/question/What-caused-the-Meiji-Restoration. The revolutionary changes carried out by restoration leaders, who acted in the name of the emperor, faced increasing opposition by the mid-1870s. The industrial sector was also transformed to modern manufacturing industry like those that only appeared in the West. The war ended in the northern island of Hokkaido after the remaining forces of the shogunate tried to create a breakaway empire and were quashed. Members of the ruling samurai class had become concerned about the shogunates ability to protect the country as more Western countries attempted to open Japan after more than two hundred years of virtual isolation. It led to a new era of militarism in Japan, but it also created unity. This emulated the western form of governance hence a modernized government. The factors that show that the Meiji era was a transformation to a new era points out the issue of constitutional promulgation, a highly developed communication and transport system, a well established industrial system that employed modern technology with a refurbished military system and lastly an established democratic government. These enterprises developed into great banking companies and improved commercial businesses. Moreover, it is during this capital transformation that the emperor established for a more strengthened navy. The most affected government sectors were the social, political, economic oriented institutions. In some ways, the worship of Western civilization created a sense that Japanese traditional culture was inferior, consisting of old habits. The Meiji Restoration was a major revolution that brought an end to over 260 years of feudal government. This led to the Boshin War. The idea of nationalism and the nation-state was growing. The government forced people to change their hairstyle because the chonmage was seen as a barbaric custom in the eyes of Westerners. For modernization to be effective, the government thought it was necessary to raise the peoples level of education. The West was then forced to acknowledge the former little island of Asia as a comparative power. Japan through Western Eyes A collection of diaries, journals and letters of Western visitors and residents in Japan. Besides, these aims were greatly achieved by carrying out reforms. Disgruntled samurai participated in several rebellions against the government, the most famous being led by the former restoration hero Saig Takamori of Satsuma. This gave the emperor more powers as he would preside over all state business proceedings in the entire area of Japan (Shimposha 289). Shintoisms were the only religions in Japan until the arrival of Buddhism in the 6th century CE. Japan was losing its feudal system, and the emperor would necessarily replace the shogunate; Foreign powers were technologically centuries ahead of Japan (with the shogunate to blame), something that astounded yet annoyed many Japanese; Japan abandoned its caste system while creating the identity of a. Education, social class, and women's roles changed drastically when Japan began to modernize. After this, the Japanese quickly sent "observers" to the West to understand its culture while copying much of the technology they had missed over the previous centuries: the steamboat, the railroad, guns, and artillery. The Tokugawa warlord system progressively transformed samurai into what a historian calls "civil servants." The Meiji period saw incredible social transformation. There were many causes for the Meiji Restoration, including rice inflation (samurai paid in rice), a decaying bureaucracy, increasing interactions with foreign technology. The enacting of a constitution and formalization of a parliamentary system of government. All rights reserved. Consequently, western technology was greatly employed by domestic companies to produce highly sophisticated products. Copyright 2003 - 2023 - UKEssays is a trading name of Business Bliss Consultants FZE, a company registered in United Arab Emirates. Great collaboration with the government and passion for development were the main contributors of the improved economy (Tipton 456). The era resulted into the introduction of boarder line trading. Therefore, it called for the former governor or leaders to step down and give way for the new leaders. Japan underwent a vast array of changes after the Meiji Restoration. Tokugawa Shogunate History & Significance | What was the Tokugawa Shogunate? The first was Bunmei Kaika, or civilization and enlightenment. These were the Russo-Japanese war and Sino-Japanese war. It signed treaties with America, Russia, Canada and many countries in Europe. The result of these changes was a drafted constitution in 1989 that transformed Japan to be turned into a constitutional monarchy. If your specific country is not listed, please select the UK version of the site, as this is best suited to international visitors. Thanks to these changes, the streets became brighter at night and people could stay active until late. Mixed bathing at public baths was surprising in the eyes of Westerners, and the Meiji government attempted to ban it in the early Meiji Era. It is often described as the time when Japan took 'its first step to the modernization through reformation of the fundamental systems of the nation based on interactions with other countries'. The enacting of a constitution and formalization of a parliamentary system of government. There were many causes for the Meiji Restoration, including rice inflation (samurai paid in rice), a decaying bureaucracy, increasing interactions with foreign technology. The Imperial Hotel, currently one of the most prestigious hotels in downtown Tokyo, was opened in 1887. In addition, the era explained the major aspects of modernism which was more of a transition rather than a restoration era. In July 1853, Perry sailed his steamer, the Mississippi, and as it chugged past Japanese boats in Yokohama Harbor, fired blank charges from her superior cannons, and then presented the Japanese Shogunate with a white flag with which to surrender. By the 20th century, Japan had a modern constitution and national parliament, though it was not truly democratic. Another reform was in the area of education. The aim was to restore imperial power under Mutsuhito, this was the decline of the Edo (Tokugawa) era 1603-1867 in Japanese history (the emperor Meiji). At the same time, universal education was introduced to Japan. Updates? By the end of the Meiji Restoration: Japan became a modern nation-state. Our academic experts are ready and waiting to assist with any writing project you may have. Being a very clever lot, they embraced the issue of trade with other countries hence, they greatly improved. The emperor was reinstated as sovereign, and he took the name Meiji. Although Japan also had an emperor hanging around, the emperor had little to no power. These effects were brought about by the appreciation of modern technology. This aspect was going to be very crucial but the leaders were dedicated to bring change in Japan. During the Edo period, children in Japan learned to read, write, and use the abacus at schools called Terakoya (temple school). "Social changes" during the Meiji Restoration are expressed through a special and generic term in Japan: "Bunmei Kaika." Its literal translation is "blooming of civilization" but it was actually coined by Fukuzawa Yukichi as the translation of the English word "civilization." The system spread nationwide in 1872. The Meiji government built Western-style buildings and used the media to promote them to the public. Meat-eating (sukiyaki, beef hot pot) In the Edo period (1603-1868), Japanese people were not in the habit of eating meat, but beef hot pot became popular. It was led by young samurai who saw the need for change. Lastly, there were those countries that acted in partnership with Japan in terms of trade. Since the opening of Japan to the outside world, Japanese customs and practices have been reported from a curious perspective by foreigners who visited Japan. I feel like its a lifeline. These included educational achievements, rapid economic development and common cultural and social background. Learn when the Meiji Restoration began, its main goal, what caused it, and how it changed Japan. This focus encouraged Japan to build a modern nation-state that could stand toe-to-toe with the Western powers. Moreover, new government did not allow the Samurai males to carry along with them weapons that would act as a form of identification for them. This modernization was spread to almost all economic sectors in the country. The nation was closed off to foreigners. The Meiji era was the first half of the Empire of Japan, when the Japanese people moved from being an isolated feudal society at risk of colonization by Western powers to the new paradigm of a modern, industrialized nation state . However, the Western countries were still unwilling to accept Japan as a great power. In which country does the sun never rise? Furthermore, their genuine interest in progress economically also boosted the country in terms of economic development. What were the causes and effects of the Meiji Restoration? We've received widespread press coverage since 2003, Your UKEssays purchase is secure and we're rated 4.4/5 on reviews.co.uk. This issue eventually led to the creation of an opportunity for revolution in the labor force. This resulted in the Japanese shogunate tightening rules for interaction with foreign shipping. (b) Comit Japonais des Sciences Historiques, Le Japon au XI e Congrs International des Sciences Historiques Stockholm, Tokyo, 1960, pp. Therefore, between 1894 and 1895, Japan was in a great position to defend itself against any external attacks by any external military forces. The emperor, at the time, was a figurehead. Also, Japan was preparing itself for future incapacities that could arise due to lack of better preparation. Furthermore, the fiefdoms that had fought against the Tokugawa shogunate centuries before (including the Choshu, Satsuma, and Tosa) at the Battle of Sekigahara in 1603 were now united and ready to overthrow the shogunate and instill the emperor into power. Examples of these companies are Toshiba, Noritake, Yamaha, Nippon Express, Hitachi, Shiseido and Nintendo. We're here to answer any questions you have about our services. The rise of Japan, beginning in the Meiji Restoration, is an amazing story of modernization over a quick half-century. The latter concern had its origins in the efforts by Western powers to open Japan, beginning in the 1850s after more than two centuries of near isolation, and the fear that Japan could be subjected to the same imperialist pressures that they observed happening in nearby China. It occurred during a three-year period from 1866 to 1869 that traversed the end of the Edo period (often called Late Tokugawa shogunate) and beginning of the Meiji Era. They comprised part of the military, teaching staff, makers of guns and government officials. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. These people were better placed in the economic grounds than any other group because of their rich cultural heritage. Matthew Hodge has taught English and Japanese at the high school level for 15 years and college for five. This last group of countries was invited to major Japanese events like celebrations and in big festivals. The constitution was presented as a gift from the emperor, and it created a two-house parliament called the Imperial Diet. How did the Meiji Restoration change Japan? This inequality left Japan with a big chip on its shoulder. He graduated with a Masters in English from Mississippi College and has a JLPT N1 pass. In 1885 a cabinet system was formed, and in 1886 work on the constitution began. The Meiji Reforms led to an educated and industrial Japan, which expanded into several imperialistic wars in which several foreign countries were defeated. There were three main causes of the Meiji Restoration: First, internal problems in Japan made ruling the country too difficult. Answer (1 of 2): 1. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. It is at this time that Japan was controlled by the Samurai and daimyo who had received power transition from Tokugawa era. The Meiji Restoration stands as one of the turning points of Japanese history. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The Tenpo calendar (lunisolar calendar) was used until December 2, 1872, after which the solar calendar was adopted. Conscription system (draft system) The government also called this the blood tax.. 7 chapters | In 1871, the Meiji government issued an order to cut the topknot, urging people to stop wearing the chonmage. China had a more reluctant response which led to their defeat. One of the these was the virtually bloodless end of the aristocratic warrior class known as the samurai. In the event to counteract the issue, there arose a very powerful regime that resulted into a more of enlightened governance. The new governance was formed after the abolition of feudalism. What were the causes of the Japanese industrial revolution? The government played a huge role in social change by creating new laws and a constitution. From simple essay plans, through to full dissertations, you can guarantee we have a service perfectly matched to your needs. The Meiji Restoration was a coup dtat that resulted in the dissolution of Japans feudal system of government and the restoration of the imperial system. In 1866, the Tokugawa Shogun was overthrown by the feudal lords and samurai. The purpose of this in vivo study was to evaluate and compare the dentin-pulp complex response following occlusal and cervical restorations in rat molars restored with nano-hydroxyapatite silica glass ionomer cement (nano-HA-SiO2-GIC) and conventional glass ionomer cement (c-GIC). They enforced a lot of new rules for government, education, society, military, and economy. Japan created an efficient rail system, improved communications technology, and started mechanizing industry. Social mobility refers to the movement of individuals from one socio-economic strata to another, followed by a change in their social status. 645 Words. If you need assistance with writing your essay, our professional essay writing service is here to help! confiscation. There are three factors that led to the smooth transformation of Meiji era. Separation of Buddhism and Shintoism The main purpose of the policy of separating Shintoism and Buddhism was to change Japans official religion from Buddhism, which was the dominant religion in the Edo Era, to Shintoism. Meiji Restoration was a political revolutionthat was marked by the Boshin War that brought an end to Tokugawaimperial rule. Japan was accepted by the Western powers as an equal. Though the emperor was considered the highest position in feudal Japan, the shogun and their military establishment kept him from wielding any real power. - Facts & Timeline, The English Civil War and the Rise of Cromwell's Theocracy, The Glorious Revolution of 1688: Events and Significance, Glorious Revolution Lesson Plan for Elementary School, What Is the English Bill Of Rights? MeijiRestoration was a significant Japanese event that happened in 1868bringing with it political economic and social change to the peopleof Japan (Jansen 781). Knowledge was to be sought in the West, the goodwill of which was essential for revising the unequal treaties that had been enacted and granted foreign countries judicial and economic privileges in Japan through extraterritoriality. The Shogunate Before From 1603 to 1868 Japan was a feudal society with a hierarchy of lords, samurai, and peasants. In concert with a national identity devoted in service to the emperor, this created an educated working class that could match Western industry in only a few generations. Here you can choose which regional hub you wish to view, providing you with the most relevant information we have for your specific region. Get unlimited access to over 88,000 lessons. What were three effects of the Meiji Restoration? These industrial towns created a need for lodging areas, food reserves and goods that could provide travelers or tourists with accommodation services. Secondly, there were countries that were grouped for trading. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. This was followed by the promulgation of the school system in 1872. The Meiji period lasted until 1912 and catapulted Japan into the modern era. This was seen in different sectors of the government. To promote the adoption of Western culture, Bunmei Kaika became a slogan during this period. A recognition that Japan needed western technology to prevent itself from being colonized. Yoshinobu mounted a brief civil war that ended with his surrender to imperial forces in June 1869. Moreover, some members who were supporters of daimyo were accepted in the new government and were reappointed as leaders. In total, 64 maxillary first molars of 32 male Wistar rats were restored using Fuji IX (c-GIC) and nano-HA . However, this trade was nonexistent in the past or it only existed in a limited form (Ebrey 405). What changes did the Meiji restoration bring about in japan? To export a reference to this article please select a referencing stye below: If you are the original writer of this essay and no longer wish to have your work published on UKEssays.com then please: Our academic writing and marking services can help you! The Meiji Restoration turned a feudalistic Japan into an educated, technological, and expansionistic nation that was intent on conquering Asia. It was a representation of a first half of the Japanese government or empire that consisted of a complete transition from the so called feudalism which was more of an isolation form of government as compared to the current modern government. The reforms enacted . In the days of the Meiji Restoration, it was believed that the way to modernization and Westernization was to deny the old things of the previous era, which were regarded as barbaric and uncivilized. The effect was to vault Japan into the ranks of the world's great powers. Dissolving of the Shogunate, creation of a constitution, creation of a democratic Diet. What were some effects of the Meiji Restoration? No plagiarism, guaranteed! During this period, Japans first factory, the Tomioka Silk Mill, was built. The school attendance rate was 80% and the literacy rate was 90%, making Japan the most academically advanced country in the world. Countries that acted as partners were like the Great Britain. Erin has taught English and History. A strong national army and navy became a main priority. The Japanese phrase sonno joi, or "praise the emperor and expel the barbaric West," was present until the anti-Western movement was quickly quashed. Finally, industrialization became a major focus after seeing Commodore Perry's powerful ships and weapons. There were some negatives effects of Meiji Restoration as Japan abolished many traditional things which would be loved by the people in the 21st century. Japan was so powerful that it ended up being transformed from a mere island nation to an imperial power by its own right and might. We'll look closely at the causes, the major accomplishments, and the effects of the Meiji Restoration.